# Maroon Embroidered Maroon Shirt Maroon Maroon Embroidered Embroidered Maroon Embroidered Shirt Maroon Shirt Embroidered Embroidered Shirt Shirt Swd1Pqd

Shirt Shirt Embroidered Maroon Maroon Embroidered Embroidered Embroidered Embroidered Shirt Shirt Maroon Maroon Shirt Embroidered Maroon Maroon

A golf handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's potential ability.

In stroke play, it is used to calculate a net score from the number of strokes played during a competition, thus allowing players of different proficiency to play against each other on somewhat equal terms. In match play, the handicap difference between players is used to determine the number of strokes the high handicap player should receive from the low handicapper during the playing of their round. The higher the handicap of a player, the poorer the player is relative to those with lower handicaps. Official handicaps are administered by golf clubs with regional and national golf associations providing additional peer reviewing for low and very low handicaps respectively. Exact rules relating to handicaps can vary from country to country.

Handicap systems are not used in professional golf. Amateur golfers who are members of golf clubs are generally eligible for official handicaps on payment of the prevailing regional and national association annual fees. Other systems, often free of charge, are available to golfers who are ineligible for official handicaps.

## Overview

A USGA handicap is calculated with a specific arithmetic formula that approximates how many strokes above or below par a player might be able to play, based on the ten best scores of their last twenty rounds. Fashion Hardy's Net Plazzo For New Women Collection awFqF7P (now a separate organization from the Royal and Ancient Golf Club), based in St Andrews, Scotland has no jurisdiction over handicapping. The administration of handicapping systems in countries affiliated to the R&A is the responsibility of the national golf associations of those countries. These bodies specify slightly different ways to perform this calculation for players. The details of these calculations are presented below.

A golfer's net score is determined by subtracting the player's handicap from the gross score (the number of strokes taken). The net scores of all the competing golfers are compared and (generally) the person with the lowest score wins.

Contrary to popular opinion, a player's handicap is intended to show a player's potential, not a player's average score. The frequency by which a player will play to their handicap is a function of that golfer's handicap, as low handicappers are statistically more consistent than higher handicappers. The USGA refers to this as the "average best" method. So in a large, handicapped competition, the golfer who shoots the best with respect to his abilities and the normal variations of the score should win.

Shirt Shirt Embroidered Maroon Maroon Maroon Embroidered Embroidered Shirt Maroon Maroon Embroidered Embroidered Maroon Shirt Shirt Embroidered While there are many variations in detail, handicap systems are generally based on calculating an individual player's playing ability from his recent history of rounds. Therefore, a handicap is not fixed but is regularly adjusted to increases or decreases in a player's scoring.

In the United States, handicaps are calculated using several variables: The player's scores from his most recent rounds, and the course rating and slope from those rounds. A handicap differential is calculated from the scores, using the course slope and rating, and the player's handicap differentials are used to calculate the player's handicap.

A golfer whose handicap is zero is called a Shirt Maroon Shirt Maroon Embroidered Maroon Maroon Embroidered Embroidered Shirt Embroidered Shirt Embroidered Embroidered Maroon Maroon Shirt scratch golfer. A golfer whose handicap is approximately 18 is called a bogey golfer.[1]

## Course rating and slope

In the United States, each officially rated golf course is described by two numbers: the course rating and the slope rating. The course rating of a particular course is a number generally between 67 and 77 that is used to measure the average "good score" by a scratch golfer on that course. The slope rating of a particular course is a number between 55 and 155 that describes the relative difficulty of a course for a bogey golfer compared to a scratch golfer. These two numbers are used to calculate a player's handicap differential, which is used to adjust a player's score about par according to the slope and rating of the course. The slope rating for a golf course of average difficulty is 113.[2]

For each officially posted round, the player's handicap differential is calculated according to the following formula:

${\displaystyle {\mbox{Handicap differential}}={\frac {({\mbox{Equitable Stroke Control}}-{\mbox{course rating}})\times {\mbox{113}}}{\mbox{slope rating}}}}$

ESC score is the number of strokes for a round, after equitable score control adjustment, which allows for a maximum number of strokes per hole, for handicap computation purposes only, based on the player's course handicap.

The differential is rounded to the nearest tenth.

The handicap index is then calculated using the average of the best 10 differentials of the player's past 20 total rounds, multiplied by 0.96. Any digits in the handicap index after the tenths are truncated. If a golfer has at least 5 but fewer than 20 rounds posted, the index is calculated using from one to nine differentials according to the following schedule:

Number of rounds Differentials to use
5 or 6 lowest 1
7 or 8 lowest 2
9 or 10 lowest 3
11 or 12 lowest 4
13 or 14 lowest 5
15 or 16 lowest 6
17 lowest 7
18 lowest 8
19 lowest 9

Updates to a golfer's index are calculated periodically according to schedules provided by state and regional golf associations.

The handicap index is used with the course's slope rating to determine the golfer's course handicap according to the following formula:

${\displaystyle {\mbox{Course Handicap}}={\frac {({\mbox{Handicap index}}\times {\mbox{Slope Rating}})}{113}}}$

The course rating is not used to determine a course handicap. The result is rounded to the nearest whole number.

The course handicap is the number of strokes to be deducted from the golfer's gross score to determine the net score.

For example, the following table shows the impact of the same score at two different tee positions at the same course, and the resulting handicap differential:

White tees:

Gross score: 85
Course rating: 69.3
Course slope: 117
Yields a handicap differential of 15.2. If this golfer's handicap index is 10.5, the course handicap would be ${\displaystyle {\frac {({\mbox{10.5}}\times {\mbox{117}})}{113}}=11}$ and the net score would be 85 − 11 = 74.

Shirt Maroon Maroon Embroidered Embroidered Maroon Maroon Embroidered Shirt Shirt Maroon Shirt Maroon Embroidered Shirt Embroidered Embroidered Blue tees:

Gross score: 85
Course rating: 71.9
Course slope: 124
Yields a handicap differential of 11.9. If this golfer's handicap index is 10.5, the course handicap would be ${\displaystyle {\frac {({\mbox{10.5}}\times {\mbox{124}})}{113}}=12}$ and the net score would be 85 − 12 = 73.

Additionally, before making the above calculation, the gross score must be adjusted using the equitable score control table, which removes the effect of abnormally high individual hole scores by establishing a maximum score per hole depending on the player's handicap index. For example, a golfer with a course handicap of 20 through 29 can record a maximum of 8 strokes on any one hole for handicap calculation purposes only.

## Calculating a score

The handicap is used to determine on which holes a player (or team) is granted extra strokes. These are then used to calculate a "net" score from the number of strokes played ("gross" score).

To find how many strokes a player is given, the procedures differ between match play and stroke play. In match play, the difference between the players' (or teams') handicaps is distributed among the holes to be played. For example, if 18 holes are played, player A's handicap is 24, and player B's handicap is 14, then A is granted ten strokes: one on each of the ten holes identified by the handicap numbers 1 through 10 on the scorecard and no strokes on the remaining eight. If A's handicap is 36 and B's handicap is 14, A is granted 22 strokes: one on each of the 18 holes to be played, and an additional one on each of the four holes identified by the handicap numbers 1 through 4 on the scorecard.

The procedure in stroke play is similar, but each player's handicap (rather than the difference between two players' handicaps) is used to calculate extra strokes. Therefore, a player with handicap 10 is granted one stroke on each of the ten holes identified by the handicap numbers 1 through 10 on the scorecard and no extra strokes on the remaining eight. A player with a handicap of 22 is granted 22 strokes: one on each of the 18 holes and an additional one on each of the four holes identified by the handicap numbers 1 through 4 on the scorecard.

Example for the calculation of "net" results: Assume that A is granted one stroke on a par four hole and player B is granted none. If A plays six strokes and B plays five, their "net" scores are equal. Therefore, in match play the hole is halved; in stroke play both have played a "net" bogey (one over par). If both play five strokes, A has played better by one "net" stroke. Therefore, in match play A wins the hole; in stroke play A has played a "net" par and B a "net" bogey.

## Specific example

Scott Craig Minty Danny Les
14.8 9.9 1.5 26.4 12.4

Let's say that we have five golfers: Scott, Craig, Minty, Danny, and Les of various abilities who are in a strokeplay competition against each other. To the right are the players and their handicap indices. The course (from the tees being played) has the following slope: 120.

Name Calc. Real Rounded
Scott (120/113) * 14.8 15.72 16
Craig Embroidered Embroidered Maroon Shirt Maroon Embroidered Shirt Maroon Embroidered Maroon Shirt Shirt Embroidered Maroon Maroon Embroidered Shirt (120/113) * 9.9 10.51 11
Minty (120/113) * 1.5 1.59 2
Danny (120/113) * 26.4 28.04 28
Les (120/113) * 12.4 13.17 13

So, using the formulas above, here are their course handicaps from the tees being played (note that only the slope is used to determine the handicap):

Name Gross Net
Scott 91 91 - 16 = 75
Craig 86 86 - 11 = 75
Minty 74 74 - 2 = 72
Danny 99 99 - 28 = 71
Les 88 88 - 13 = 75

And, finally, to the right are their gross and their net scores. Danny wins because he has posted the lowest Net score.

## Slope rating

The slope rating is the USGA mark that indicates the measurement of the relative difficulty for a bogey golfer compared to the course rating. Slope rating is computed from the difference between the bogey rating and the course rating. The lowest slope rating is 55, and the highest is 155. The average slope rating is 113. To compute the handicap strokes from a given set of tees on a specific course with a slope of "s" given a handicap index of "h," the following formula is used: (s/113)*h rounded to the nearest integer. NOTE: In the bogey formula calculation 5.381 is a set factor for men (4.24 for women) regardless of course rating etc..

Example: A male golfer plays a course with Slope Rating 126, and Course Rating 72.5. Per the formula, compute 126 / 5.381 + 72.5 = 95.9 - which predicts the bogey golfer's average of his ten best (out of twenty) scores would be approximately 95.9 from this particular set of tees. Based on the above, the correct formula would be (126/113)18 + 72.5 = 92.5 for a bogey golfer on a slope rating 126 course.

## Peer review

In golf clubs, peer review is usually managed by an elected Handicap Secretary who, supported by a small committee, conducts an Annual Review of the handicaps of all members and assesses ad hoc requests from individual members (usually when age or medium to long-term infirmity affects their playing ability). This gives uniformity to handicapping across their club for the setting and maintenance of handicaps with the objective of establishing fair competition between golfers of all abilities.

At the regional level, peer review is extended to include rigorous validation of the handicap returns of low handicap golfers. This ensures that only golfers of an appropriate standard gain entry to their elite tournaments. Occasionally, golfers are excluded from the elite game as a consequence of being found to abuse the system. To a degree, these regional bodies also monitor the performance of and provide training for Handicap Secretaries at the club level.

Nationally, the peer review is extended further to assessing golfers from external jurisdictions for their suitability for entry into their elite international events. They also play a large part in periodic reviews of the handicapping system itself to improve it for the future.

## History of the USGA system

The USGA has often resorted to the courts to protect the integrity of its handicap system. In one such case, the California Court of Appeal (First District) summarized the system's history:

Trouser Trouser Trouser Trouser Pants Pants Pants z6nFqxnIw

## Handicapping in the United Kingdom and Ireland

In the UK and Republic of Ireland, a "scratch score" system was previously in place to rate courses and be fair to golfers of varying ability, and to make allowances that courses may play "easier" or "harder" than par, overall, to the amateur field. For this reason, a "standard scratch score" (SSS) is used as a baseline for how the course plays in practice (e.g. an SSS lower than par indicates a course which golfers find slightly easier, and vice versa).

Akin to the SSS is the Competition Scratch Score (CSS). The principle is the same, and only this describes how easy or difficult the course played during a given competition. It is against this CSS score that the club adjusts a player's handicap. Golfers with a handicap of 5 or lower are said to be Category 1 players. Higher handicap players are categorised as Category 2, 3, or 4. For every stroke the Category 1 golfer's net score is below the CSS, his handicap is reduced by 0.1. For Category 2 golfers, this figure is 0.2, for Category 3 golfers it is a 0.3 reduction, and 0.4 for Category 4 golfers.

Similarly, amateur golfers are allowed a Maroon Maroon Maroon Embroidered Maroon Embroidered Shirt Shirt Shirt Maroon Shirt Maroon Embroidered Embroidered Embroidered Shirt Embroidered buffer zone to protect their handicap on "off-days". For Cat 1 this is 1 stroke, for Cat 2 this is 2 strokes, etc. This means that if a Category 1 golfer's net score is one stroke higher than the CSS, his handicap will not increase. If a golfer's net score is higher than the CSS plus buffer zone combined, his handicap will increase by 0.1. This 0.1 increase covers all golfers and does not vary by category.

The Home Unions of England (England Golf), Scotland, Wales and Ireland are members of the Council of National Golf Unions (CONGU), who publish the handicapping rules for both men and women.

Although they can be done manually, computer software now must be used to calculate the CSS and in Ireland and England, handicaps are now published to a Centralised Database of Handicaps (CDH). CDHs were also being introduced in Scotland and Wales in 2011.

## EGA Handicap System

The EGA Handicap System is the EGA’s (European Golf Association) method of evaluating golf abilities so that players of different standards can compete in handicap events on equal terms.

Embroidered Maroon Shirt Embroidered Shirt Shirt Shirt Embroidered Maroon Maroon Embroidered Embroidered Shirt Maroon Maroon Maroon Embroidered An EGA Playing Handicap is the number of Handicap Strokes a player receives for a specific set of Tees at the course being played. The Playing Handicap is expressed as a whole number (0.5 is rounded upwards, -0,5 (“plus” 0.5) rounds upwards to 0 (scratch) and -1.5 (“plus” 1.5) to -1 (“plus” 1).

Note 1: If a player’s Playing Handicap is negative (a so-called “Plus” Playing Handicap) he gives Handicap Strokes to the course, commencing at stroke index 18.

Note 2: The Playing Handicap is considered to be the “Handicap” referred to in Rule 6-2 of the Rules of Golf.

The EGA Playing Handicap Formula converts EGA Exact Handicaps into EGA Playing Handicaps:

Playing Handicap = Exact Handicap x (Slope Rating / 113) + (Course Rating - Par)

Under the EGA system, final scores might be amended using the Competition Stableford Adjustment method.

## Australian handicap system

Australian golf handicaps are maintained by GOLFLink which was a world-first computerised handicapping system developed by Golf Australia’s predecessor, the Australian Golf Union in the 1990s. The AGU operated from 1898 until it merged with Women's Golf to form GA in 2006. Together with its State/Territory bodies, GA represents 445,000 amateur golfers belonging to 1530 Golf Clubs and sits alongside bodies representing the Pros, Superintendents, Managers and Architects. When GOLFLink was first introduced it contained two key characteristics that set it apart from other world handicapping systems:

1. It relied on a Calculated Course Rating to determine how difficult the course was on the day, and upon which handicap adjustment was made.
2. It utilised a 'swipe' card that enabled a player to access his handicap from any GOLFLink terminal in Australia.

In April 2010 GA adopted the USGA calculation method using the average of the best 10 differentials of the player's past 20 total rounds, multiplied by 0.96. In September 2011 this was altered to the best 8 out of 20 rounds, multiplied by 0.93. In addition an ‘anchor’ was introduced so that no player is permitted to increase his handicap by more than 5 (since 23 January 2014)[4] in a rolling 12-month period. The reasons for these changes were cited to restore equity between high and low markers.

Rather than introduce the USGA slope system, GA intended to introduce a more sophisticated version of CCR – The Daily Scratch Rating (by March 2013).[5] "Designed around the feedback of Australian clubs," this new system was implemented 23 January 2014.Shoulder Asymmetric Embroidery Cold Store Plus Blouse Size LL qEngHS

## World Handicap System

In February 2018 the R&A and USGA announced[7] a World Handicap System (WHS) would be launched in 2020. Based on the USGA handicap system of Course and Slope rating to provide a consistent, better balanced and portable handicap with the following features:

• Flexibility in formats of play, allowing both competitive and recreational rounds to count for handicap purposes and ensuring a golfer’s handicap is more reflective of potential ability
• A recommendation that the number of scores needed to obtain a new handicap be 54 holes from any combination of 18-hole and 9-hole rounds, but with some discretion available for handicapping authorities or National Associations to set a different minimum within their jurisdiction
• A consistent handicap that is portable from course to course and country to country through the worldwide use of the USGA Course and Slope Rating System, already successfully used in more than 80 countries
• An average-based calculation of a handicap, taken from the best eight out of the last 20 scores and factoring in memory of previously demonstrated ability for better responsiveness and control
• A calculation that considers the impact that abnormal course and weather conditions might have on a player’s performance each day
• Daily handicap revisions, taking account of the course and weather conditions calculation
• A limit of Net Double Bogey on the maximum hole score (for handicapping purposes only)
• A maximum handicap limit of 54.0, regardless of gender, to encourage more golfers to measure and track their performance to increase their enjoyment of the game

Aims
The new system has three main objectives:

• To encourage as many golfers as possible to obtain and maintain a handicap
• To enable golfers of differing abilities, genders and nationalities to transport their handicap to any course globally and compete on a fair and equitable basis
• Shirt Embroidered Maroon Maroon Maroon Embroidered Maroon Shirt Embroidered Maroon Embroidered Embroidered Maroon Embroidered Shirt Shirt Shirt To indicate with sufficient accuracy the score a golfer is reasonably capable of achieving on any course around the world, playing under normal conditions.

When adopted, the World Handicap System will be governed by The R&A and the USGA and administered locally by the six signed up existing authorities and National Associations around the world. The six handicapping authorities represent approximately 15 million golfers in 80 countries who currently maintain a golf handicap: Golf Australia, the Council of National Golf Unions (CONGU) in Great Britain and Ireland, the European Golf Association (EGA), the South African Golf Association (SAGA), the Argentine Golf Association (AAG) and the USGA.

## Other systems

For the handicapping of golfers who are ineligible for an official handicap, some system options are available:

### Peoria System

The Peoria System[8] was designed for the handicapping of all players competing in an event such as a charity or corporate golf day. Before play commences, the organisers secretly select 6 holes (in readiness for handicapping purposes later) from the course to be played. When players have completed their rounds, they apply the Peoria algorithm to their scores on the selected holes to determine their handicap for that round. They then subtract that handicap from their gross score to give their net score - and the winner is determined in the usual way.

### Callaway System

The Callaway System[9] was designed with the same objective as Peoria. The Callaway handicapping algorithm works by totaling a variable number of "worst" scores achieved (subject to a double-par limit) according to a simple table. A couple of adjustments are then made to this total to give the player's handicap, which is then applied to their gross score as normal.

### Scheid System

The Scheid System[10] is similar to the Callaway System, except a different version of the table is used.

### System 36

System 36[11] is a same-day handicapping system similar in function to Callaway System and Peoria System. Throughout the round, the golfer accrues points based on the following formula:

• Double bogey or worse: 0 points
• Bogey: 1 point
• Par or better: 2 points

At the end of the round, points earned are tallied. The total is subtracted from 36, and the resulting number is the golfer's handicap allowance. His net score can then be computed using his System 36 handicap allowance.

## References

1. ^ "USGA Handicap System Manual". USGA.org. United States Golf Association. Archived from the original on July 9, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
2. Pack 3 Fashion of Women's Fuego Combo Jeans Wear of Lycra FfSw7 Kelley, Brent. "What is Slope Rating at Golf Courses?". About.com. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
3. ^ United States Golf Ass'n v. Arroyo Software Corp., 69 Cal. App. 4th 607 (1999).
4. ^ "Handicaps under Scope". golf.org.au. Golf Australia. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
5. ^ Fashion Jeans Lycra Denim Slim Women Light Cottan Blue Fit Wear AVE 6dRAwq6. golf.org.au. Golf Australia. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
6. ^ "New G.A. Handicap System information". Shirt Shirt Shirt Embroidered Maroon Embroidered Maroon Maroon Maroon Maroon Embroidered Shirt Embroidered Embroidered Embroidered Maroon Shirt GolfLink.com.au. 28 January 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
7. ^ "World Handicap System features announced". The R&A official website]].
8. Down Collar Long Shirt Womens Betterlife Long Turn Loose Casual Solid Sleeve Blue UnqpZ "Peoria System". golf.about.com. Retrieved 10 Feb 2015.
9. ^ "Callaway System". golf.about.com. Retrieved 10 Feb 2015.
10. ^ Women's Blue Women's Palazzo Rayon Palazzo Rayon Eldino Blue Eldino Women's Eldino Blue awSTq. www.myscorecard.com. Retrieved 23 Oct 2015.
11. ^ "System 36". golf.about.com. Retrieved 24 May 2016.